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Cancer is one of the most important health problems and
very common in different populations in the world. The
main objective of newly synthesized molecules has
selectivity against tumor cells with low-toxic effect.
The use of different methods and molecules depends on
the stage and type of cancer. This process defines the
compounds containing planar aromatic or hetero aromatic
ring systems are inserted between adjacent base pairs
perpendicularly to the axis of the helix and without
disturbing the overall stacking pattern due to
Watson–Crick hydrogen bonding. Last few years,
fluorescence intercalating agents, fluorescence probe
and sensor in biophysical chemistry and molecular
biology, photosensitized molecule in fluorescence-decay
reactions as DNA strainers became very important.
G-quadruplex structures and epigenetic enzymes have
raised much interest as potential anticancer targets.
Several agents acting on DNA are clinically used, but
the severe driving side effects limit their therapeutic
application. G-quadruplex are DNA secondary structures
that are located in key zones of
human genome, such as oncogene promoters and telomeres.
Targeting quadruplex structures could allow obtaining
an anticancer therapy more free from side effects. On
the other end, in the last years it has been proved
that epigenetic modulation can control the expression
of human genes, thus allowing the presence of different
variants determining the disease. The epigenetic
regulation of gene expressions plays a crucial role in
carcinogenesis and, in particular, an abnormal
expression of histone deacetylase enzymes (HDACs) are
related to tumor onset and progression, making them
attractive targets for new anticancer drugs and
therapies
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